A deep-belief network can be defined as a stack of restricted Boltzmann machines in which each RBM layer communicates with both the previous and subsequent layers. The nodes of any single layer don’t communicate with each other laterally. This stack of RBMs might end with a Softmax layer to create a classifier, or it may […]
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First Class Function and Higher Order Function One of the key factors in Scala that beautifully blends functional paradigm into object-oriented paradigm is that functions are objects. In functional programming, functions are first-class citizens. A first-class function is a function that can be – Assigned to variables, – Passed as an argument to the other […]
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Expression-Oriented Programming In expression-oriented programming every statement is an expression. To understand EOP, you have to understand the difference between a statement and an expression. A statement executes code, but does not return any value, for example: customer.computeDiscount() An expression returns value. Expressions are blocks of code that evaluate to a value as seen here: […]
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Introducing RxJava To write reactive programs, we need a library or a specific programming language, because building something like that ourselves is quite a difficult task. Java is not really a reactive programming language (it provides some tools like the java.util.Observable class, but they are quite limited). It is a statically typed, object-oriented language, and […]
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Nowadays, the term reactive programming is trending. Libraries and frameworks in various programming languages are emerging. Blog posts, articles and presentations about reactive programming are being created. Big companies, such as Facebook, SoundCloud, Microsoft, and Netflix, are supporting and using this concept. So we, as programmers, are starting to wonder about it. Why are people […]
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Apache Spark is a cluster computing platform designed to be fast and general-purpose. On the speed side, Spark extends the popular MapReduce model to efficiently support more types of computations, including interactive queries and stream processing. Speed is important in processing large datasets, as it means the difference between exploring data interactively and waiting minutes […]
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Cucumber is a very fun and cool tool for writing automated acceptance tests to support software development in the behavior-driven development (BDD) style. Getting ready In the BDD style, when a developer starts writing a test case, unlike writing a test method in TDD, he/she writes a “feature” belonging to a “story” which describes the […]
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The current crisis An interesting phenomenon known as “Andy giveth, and Bill taketh away” comes from the fact that no matter how fast processors become, we software people find a way to use up that speed. There’s a reason for that. With software you’re solving more and more complex problems, and this trend will keep […]
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Scala is a general-purpose programming language designed to express common programming patterns in a concise, elegant, and type-safe way. It smoothly integrates features of object-oriented and functional programming languages, enabling programmers to be more productive. Martin Odersky (the creator of Scala) and his team started development on Scala in 2001 in the programming methods laboratory […]
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Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development process originated from Extreme Programming (XP) invented by Kent Beck, which relies on the repetition of a number of short and continuous development cycles. TDD can lead to more modularized, flexible, and extensible code; the early and frequent nature of the testing helps to catch defects early in […]
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In October 2007, Microsoft announced a new MVC Web development platform, built on the core ASP.NET platform, clearly designed as a direct response to the evolution of technologies such as Rails and as a reaction to the criticisms of Web Forms. The following sections describe how this new platform overcame the Web Forms limitations and […]
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Entity Framework DB First – Managing Entity Relationships In this article, we will see how to model relationships between tables in our Entity Data Model and use Entity Framework to work with these related entities. We will look at the types of relationship between the tables, and then we will see how this can be […]
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